Research Paper
Modern Artificial Intelligence Systems: Architectures, Specialization, and Cognitive Differences Between AI Models
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
A systematic examination of contemporary AI architectures and the emerging cognitive specialization among large language models, analysing how architectural differences produce distinct reasoning profiles and benchmark divergence.
AI ArchitecturesCognitive SpecializationLLMBenchmark Divergence
Working Paper
Investment Bubbles as Adaptive Mechanisms: Capital Allocation Under Technological Uncertainty
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Re-frames investment bubbles not as market failures but as adaptive capital search mechanisms under deep technological uncertainty, proposing a new model of capital allocation dynamics in transformative technology cycles.
Investment BubblesCapital AllocationTechnological UncertaintyCognitive Economics
Working Paper
The Search Function of Capital
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Introduces the concept of capital as a search function in uncertain technological environments, extending classical capital theory with cognitive-energetic principles to explain non-linear allocation patterns.
Capital TheorySearch FunctionCognitive EconomicsNOEM
Research Paper
The Myth of Secret Commands: Semantic Compression, Cognitive Compatibility, and Meaning Drift in Human-AI Systems
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Deconstructs the popular belief in hidden prompt commands, analysing how semantic compression and meaning drift undermine reliable human-AI communication and proposing compatibility metrics grounded in cognitive science.
Semantic CompressionMeaning DriftHuman-AICognitive Compatibility
Research Paper
The Illusion of Understanding: Humans, AI, and the Age of Cognitive Infrastructure
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Examines the structural gap between human and AI understanding, arguing that what appears as comprehension in AI systems is a probabilistic simulation of meaning — with profound implications for governance, education and institutional design.
Cognitive InfrastructureUnderstandingHuman-AI GapGovernance
Research Paper
Cognitive Fragmentation: AI Sovereignty, Semantic Divergence, and the Future of Global Cognitive Infrastructures
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Analyses the geopolitical and epistemic consequences of diverging national AI ecosystems, introducing the concept of cognitive fragmentation and its implications for global coordination, semantic alignment and institutional resilience.
AI SovereigntySemantic DivergenceCognitive InfrastructureGeopolitics
Research Paper
The noem Compatibility Index: A Cognitive-Energetic Metric for Human-AI Understanding
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · Co-authored with OpenAI GPT-5 · 2025
Presents the noem Compatibility Index — a quantitative metric for measuring alignment between human and artificial cognitive systems. Co-authored with AI under the Ex Lumine Veritas framework, establishing formal compatibility scoring grounded in cognitive-energetic principles.
noem IndexCognitive CompatibilityHuman-AI AlignmentCo-authorship
Working Paper
Noem Decision Model: A Thermodynamic Behavioral-Economic Theory of Choice Under Uncertainty
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Proposes a thermodynamic model of decision-making that integrates behavioral economics with entropy-based cognitive constraints, offering a unified theory of choice that accounts for energy expenditure in meaning formation and option evaluation.
Decision TheoryThermodynamicsBehavioral EconomicsNOEM
Research Paper
Entropy of Thought: Thermodynamic Constraints on Reasoning, Learning, and Meaning Formation
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Applies the second law of thermodynamics to cognitive systems, demonstrating that reasoning, learning and meaning formation are subject to entropy constraints — with implications for AI design, education and institutional knowledge management.
Cognitive EntropyThermodynamicsReasoningMeaning Formation
Working Paper
Noem Index (noem): A Quantifiable Measure of Cognitive Entropy in Human and Artificial Agents
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Defines and formalises the noem Index as a scalar measure of cognitive entropy applicable to both human and artificial agents. Provides mathematical derivation, validation methodology and use cases in AI evaluation and educational assessment.
noem IndexCognitive EntropyMeasurementAI Evaluation
Research Paper
Noem Theory: An Entropy-Based Cognitive Framework for Meaning Formation and Decision Dynamics
Prof. Dr. Alexander Bykovski · EnergeticaX Institute · 2025
Presents the full theoretical architecture of Noem Theory — an entropy-based cognitive framework that unifies meaning formation, decision dynamics and human-AI interaction within a single formal system.
Noem TheoryEntropyCognitive FrameworkDecision Dynamics